Main Challenges of 4G

To achieve the desired features listed above researches have  
to  solve  some  of  the  main  challenges  that  4G  is  facing.  The  main challenges of 4G are described below  


Multimode user terminals 4G: In order to access different kinds  
of services and technologies, the user terminals should be able  
to configure themselves in different modes. This eliminates the  
need  of  multiple  terminals.  Adaptive  techniques  like  smart  
antennas and software radio have been proposed for achieving  
terminal mobility.  


Wireless  system  discovery  and  selection 4G:  The  main  idea  
behind  this  is  the  user  terminal  should  be  able  to  select  the  
desired wireless system. The system could be LAN, GPS, GSM  
etc.  One  proposed  solution  for  this  is  to  use  software  radio  
approach  where  the  terminal  scans  for  the  best  available  
network  and  then  it  downloads  the  required  software  and  
configure themselves access the particular network using 4G.  


Terminal  Mobility 4G: This  is  one  of  the  biggest  issues  the  
researchers  are  facing.  Terminal  mobility  allows  the  user  to  
roam  across  different  geographical  areas  that  uses  different  
technologies. There are two important issues related to terminal  
mobility using 4G. One is location management where the system has to  
locate the position of the mobile for providing service. Another  
important  issue  is  hand  off  management.  In  the  traditional  
mobile  systems  only  horizontal  hand  off  has  to  be  performed  
where  as  in  4G  systems  both  horizontal  and  vertical  hand  off  
should be performed. As shown in figure 1, horizontal hand off  
is performed 


Personal  mobility 4G: Personal  mobility  deals  with  the  
mobility  of  the  user  rather  than  the  user  terminals.  The  idea  
behind  this  is,  no  matter  where  the  user  is  located  and  what  
device he is using, he should be able to access his messages. 

Security  and  privacy 4G: The  existing  security  measures  for  
wireless  systems  are  inadequate  for  4G  systems.  The  existing  
security  systems  are  designed  for  specific  services.  This  does  
not provide flexibility for the users and as flexibility is one of  
the  main  concerns  for  4G,  new  security  systems  has  to  be  
introduced.  


Fault tolerance 4G: As we all know, fault tolerant systems are  
becoming  more  popular  throughout  the  world.  The  existing  
wireless system structure has a tree like topology and hence if  
one of the components suffers damage the whole system goes  
down.  This  is  not  desirable  in  case  of  4G.  Hence  one  of  the  
main issues is to design a fault tolerant system for 4G


Billing System 4G: 3G mostly follows a flat rate billing system
based where the user is charged just by a single operator for his  
usage according to call duration, transferred data etc. But in 4G  
wireless  systems,  the  user  might  switch  between  different  
service providers and may use different services. In this case, it  
is  hard  for  both  the  users  and  service  providers  to  deal  with  
separate  bills.  

Share

Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger...